Monumental Architecture Essay Example for Free

Monumental Architecture Essay Monumental architecture is large man-made structure of stone or earth. I live in New York, one of the largest cities in the world. We have many examples of the monumental architectures. The top ten of them are the Statue of Liberty, Grant’s Tomb, Grand Army Plaza, Washington Square Arch, Columbus Circle Fountain, The Grand Army Plaza, Literary Walk, Richard Morris Hunt Memorial, 107th Infantry Memorial, and the 911 Memorial. I have been living in New York City for the last twenty years. On September 11, 2011, I arrived at work as usually fifteen minutes earlier and while I was parked my car I heard on the radio that one of the airplane struck the World Trade Tower. I came to my floor and told all my workers about it. Our building was located in the East part of New York; we could see the Twins Towers from our windows. From our windows, we saw how the second airplane struck the second tower. Panic struck everyone. In the Towers and the area surrounding, there were friends and relatives, we feared for their lives. We tried to reach them but the phone lines were over-flowing and we cannot reach them right away. From the windows in our offices we saw how the building collapsed. After that our director decided to close our office early in order for us to go be with our families. From work I went directly to school to pick up my daughter and on our way home I tried to explain to her what happening in the morning. My friends and relatives safely escape from the area of Twins Towers but many other lives were lost. As a tribute of remembrance and honor to the lives lost on September 11, 2001, a memorial was built by the name of the 911 Memorial. This memorial is located at the World Trade Center site, the former location of the Twin Towers. The memorial contains two square pools in the center, where the Twin Towers once stood surrounded by the forest of trees. The design of memorial is thirty feet below street level which was started in the year of 2006. This design contains the footprints of the buildings that stood. On September 11, 2011, a dedication ceremony was held at the memorial. The memorial officially was opened to the public on September 12, 2011. The museum of this tragedy opened around September 11, 2012. Many people now visit the memorial to remember not only the lives lost but of the heroes who went into the buildings to save others. www.911memorial.org http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/29/us/new-york-911-memorial/ http://timeline.national911memorial.org http://www.nationalgeographic.com/remembering-9-11/place-of-remembrance/ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44483977/ns/us_news-9_11_ten_years_later/t/memorial-plaza-nyc-opens-public/#.UP7cZ_JX-KI Rttp://gswho went into the firre

Arranged Marriage In Midnights Children Essay example -- essays papers

Arranged Marriage In Midnights Children â€Å"Arranged Marriages in Midnight’s Children† An element of Midnight’s Children, by Salman Rushdie that I particularly enjoyed was the recurring theme of loving someone in pieces. There are two instances where this is prevalent, one being the interaction between Aadam Aziz and Naseem Ghani. It is stated that: â€Å"In short: my grandfather had fallen in love, and had come to think of the perforated sheet as something sacred and magical, because through it he had seen the things which had filled up the whole inside him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through the perforated sheet, Aadam Aziz never saw his bride until he asked for her hand in marriage. Instead, he fell in love with â€Å"the softness of her ticklish skin, or the perfect tiny wrists, or the beauty of her ankles.† Aadam Aziz, who had concentrating on loving the pieces of Naseem, was ill prepared for her presence in its entirety. Naseem and Aadam’s marriage â€Å"rapidly dissolved into a place of frequent and devastating warfare under whose depredations the young girl behind the sheet and the gauche young Doctor turned rapidly into different stranger beings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The question, or rather statement made here by Rushdie, is whether or not it is possible to love someone in pieces, without knowing their whole being. When examining the relationship between Naseem and Aadam Aziz, it seems as though Rushdie is stating that one cannot love someone through a perforated sheet, without knowing their soul. Aadam...

Ontology in Anselm, Descartes and Kant Essay

Ontology is a purported proof that God exists. The ontology provided by St. Anselm in the eleventh century set the standard in Western thought, and on which all subsequent ontology attempted to measure itself. Before the renaissance and the age of reason it was generally agreed that only a fool would deny the existence of God. Accordingly the ontology of St. Anselm employs the attitude of a fool – meaning some one without any of the higher concepts of philosophy – as the crux of the argument. The argument commences with a definition of God: â€Å"Now we believe that [the Lord] is something than which nothing greater can be thought† (81). The association made is to perfection, for only in perfection can we conceive nothing beyond. In traditional attempts at ontology the strategy was to find God amongst the splendor of his creation. Anselm, however, eschewed the evidence of experience and tried to affect a proof from pure thought. It is placed in the head of a simpleton, and in this way is made to appear as stemming from the innate mind, and not clouded by the errors of perceptual understanding. Anselm’s fool wants to cling to the idea that â€Å"God is not!† But such atheism does not strangle the thought processes inside the head. It necessarily searches for perfection, that being the natural inclination of man, which is to seek happiness, comfort, order, and so on. Can the fool imagine perfection, asks Anselm. The answer is that he cannot. For whatever ideal it fixes on, the mind surges past it for something even better. However, this relentless ascendancy within the mind presages the existence of perfection therein, for otherwise the mind chases after nothing. Now, since we have already identified perfection with God, the mind imagines God, and indeed strives towards it. Existence in the mind will not suffice as ontology. Therefore, as the next step in the argument, Anselm attempts to measure the idea with reality. We must next consider whether that which has been imagined as perfect has a corresponding reality beyond the mind. If it does not then we have a contradiction. For being in the mind alone we are then able to imagine something even greater than it. That which was imagined as perfect now turns out have something that is more perfect than it. Anselm is sure that he has found a contradiction here. So he proceeds to conclude:   â€Å"Therefore, there is no doubt that something than which a greater cannot be thought exists both in the understanding and in reality† (82). Descartes, though largely accepting this ontology, doesn’t accept the contradiction derived in the final step. He argues that reality has not been introduced at all, but only an idea if reality. In the final analysis the entire ontology is taking place in the head. It is an imagined God that Anselm proves, says, Descartes, not a real one. His correction, therefore, was to consider the phenomenal world after all. In this manner he laid out what has famously come to be known as â€Å"Cartesian doubt†. The world of sensory experience, when examined philosophically, naturally induces doubt, for all perspectives are subjective. It is impossible to construe an objective form subjective sensory experience. But instead of holding back doubt Descartes allows it full reign. He starts to explore what else can be doubted. Soon it is found that not only material reality, but also all the perceptions and ideas of the mind must also be doubted, for they all stem from the same faculty of understanding. But his doubting reach must come to and end eventually, when he comes to consider consciousness itself. Descartes discovers that he is unable to doubt the â€Å"I†, for it is the â€Å"I† itself that is doubting, i.e. thinking. Thus his famous conclusion, â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† – I think, therefore I am (68). From the proof of self-existence to the proof of God is a simple step. A self that is subject to doubt is imperfect, and therefore implies the existence of Creator who is perfect. Kant, in turn, comes to dismiss both these attempts at ontology on the simple premise that existence is not a predicate. In other words, it is meaningless to say simply â€Å"God is.† Our concepts of understanding allow us to apply reason in the form of sentences that contain both subject and predicate. So that we can say that ‘God is good’, or that ‘God is merciful’. But simply ‘God is’ is not meaningful, and human understanding does not allow such speculation. In effect, Kant is saying that ontology is not possible. This is in concord with the rest of Kant’s philosophy, which emphasizes that we are not able to pronounce on the noumenal world, i.e. on â€Å"things in themselves†. He describes three categories of noumena – the soul, the material world, and God, the last being the source of the first two. Therefore God is definitely part of Kant’s philosophical scheme, only that he remains beyond human understanding, and we cannot even pronounce on God is the simplest form – ‘God is.† Just as we cannot know anything about the soul, or the material world, as things in themselves, but only come to know the consequences of them. Our understanding is limited to the phenomenal world, where practical reason applies. Kant also speculates on the existence of a transcendental â€Å"pure reason†, that which overcomes the anomalies of practical reason. Pure reason is identified as an end in itself, and is thus identified with perfection. He stipulates it as a moral imperative that we pursue â€Å"pure reason† as the highest goal. Yet he refuses to identify this perfection with God, and differs with Anselm on this point. He also differs with Descartes’ ‘cogito, ego sum’, and complains that logic is being applied to derive existence, the rationale being that the part cannot be used to explain the whole. The least objectionable ontology, in my opinion, is that of St. Anselm’s. To make this point I will show that the refutations put forward by Descartes and Kant are not appropriate. Descartes’ complaint was that the proof given by Anselm is wholly ideal, without reference to the phenomenal world to give it substance. But Anselm does indeed refer to the phenomenal world, when he introduces the postulate that the ideal of perfection has no corresponding existence in the real world. In fact on this postulate the entire argument hinges, for it is used to derive the contradiction, from whence the ontology ensues. â€Å"Cartesian doubt† a merely a long-winded way of coming to the same conclusion. Kant’s complaint, on the other hand, is not really an argument at all, but rather a boast that he has not has to use the words â€Å"God exists† anywhere in his philosophy. For to pick on the grammar of â€Å"God exists† on the justification that the noumenal world is unknowable is taking matters too strictly. Even accepting Kant’s theory, it is not right that we desist from pronouncing the existence of God. He may not have done so explicitly, but Kant does indeed pronounce of the existence of God in the implicit sense. As a moral precept to action he gives us the categorical imperative: â€Å"I am never to act otherwise than so that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law† (13). The universal law is pertaining to the moral law, which is described as an end itself, and therefore is no different from the idea of perfection. An imperative is only categorical when it works universally, without contingency. To paraphrase Kant, the rationale of human existence is to pursue the moral life in order to attain to perfection, in other words, God. Other than the fastidious insistence of grammar, Kant does not really object to Anselm’s ontology. With both Descartes’ and Kant’s objections discredited, Anselm’s ontology must stand as the best, being the simplest and most intuitive. Works Cited Anselm. Basic Writings. Translated by Thomas Williams. Boston: Hackett Publishing, 2007. Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies. Translated by John Cottingham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Kant, Immanuel. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.   

Why You Should Write Practice Tests While You Study

One of the best ways to score high grades is to create your own practice tests. It’s a little extra work while you’re studying, but if that investment results in higher grades, it’s definitely worth it. In their book, The Adult Student’s Guide to Survival Success, Al Siebert and Mary Karr advise: Imagine that you are the instructor and have to write some questions that will test the class on the material covered. When you do this for each course you will be amazed at how close your test will match the one your instructor creates. Creating a Practice Test While youre taking notes in class, write a Q in the margin beside material that would make a good test question. If you take notes on a laptop, assign a highlighter color to the text, or mark it in some other way that is meaningful to you. You can find practice tests online, but these will be tests for special subjects or exams, like the ACT or GED. These wont help you with your particular test, but they can give you a good idea of how test questions are stated. Remember that your teacher wants you to succeed. The best way to find out what kind of test he or she gives is to ask. Explain to him or her that you want to write your own practice tests, and ask if they will tell you what format the questions will take so you can make the most of your study time. Siebert and Karr suggest that as you read your textbooks and lecture notes, jot down questions that occur to you. You’ll be creating your own practice test as you study. When you’re ready, take the test without checking your notes or books. Make the practice as real as possible, including giving partial answers when you aren’t sure and limiting the time allowed. Suggestions for Practice Tests In their book, Siebert and Karr make a few practice test suggestions: Ask at the beginning of the course when tests will be given and in what formatWrite your practice tests in the format your teacher will use (essay, multiple choice, etc.)Ask the librarian if there is a collection of old exams you can studyFind out if there is a student manual that accompanies your textbookAsk former students about the kind of tests your teacher givesAsk your teacher for suggestions for test prepAsk a friend, family member, or fellow student to quiz you Test Question Formats Familiarize yourself with the different kinds of test question formats: Multiple Choice: You are given three or more choices and must select the correct answer. Sometimes, all of the above is a choice.True or False: These are usually used when you are being required to memorize facts. They are often tricky. Read them carefully.Fill-in-the-Blank: These are similar to multiple choice except that you must know the answer without being given choices.Essay or Open-Ended: These questions test your comprehension of a subject. Youll be given a question that you must answer at length, giving specific examples, or you may be given a statement to agree or disagree with. These may sound challenging to you, but if you know your stuff, this type of test question also allows you to shine. Be ready and make the most of the opportunity. Source Siebert, Al, Ph.D. The Adult Students Guide to Survival Success. Mary Karr MS, 6th edition, Practical Psychology Press, July 1, 2008.

Explaining Hypertension and Diabetes Essay - 702 Words

Explaining hypertension to a 63-year old man with an 8th grade education: Hello sir, the doctor wanted me to come in and talk to you for a minute. I understand that u have just been diagnosed with hypertension. I want to make sure you understand what that is and what goes along with it. Hypertension is just our fancy word for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the amount of pressure that your blood is putting on the walls of your arteries. Now most people don’t even realize they have high blood pressure because more often than not, there are no signs or symptoms going along with it. Now, when checking your blood pressure we put on the blood pressure cuff and then we listen for your heart beat. There are two stages we get, one†¦show more content†¦Now that doesn’t mean you have several different diseases; that means that there are several different types of diabetes. There are three basic forms of diabetes, type 1, which is where the body is unable t o make insulin, and type 2 which is where the body is unable to use the insulin, then gestational diabetes, which I’m going to assume you’re not pregnant so we won’t go over that. Now, insulin is a hormone from the pancreas that converts, sugar for example, into energy we need. Think of it like sugar is the oil, insulin is the process of turning that oil into gas, and that’s the energy we need to make the car go, if u just put oil into your, noting is going to happen, same basic concept. To keep on top of this, you will need to check your blood sugar level often; your blood sugar level is just how much unrefined sugars are in your blood stream. We want to keep that level under 100. Now, there are a couple of things you can do to keep this level, one and most importantly, is going to be diet. A good amount of people can actually control their diabetes with diet alone. Second is going to be injecting insulin into your body by either a pump or shots, this would counter acts the effects of your body not creating enough insulin. There are also other possible medications that might work, but the method you use is up to you, your doctor, and your parents. So what happens if you continue without intervention? Well, nothingShow MoreRelatedHigh Density Lipoprotein ( Ldl ) Levels Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesin the pre-diabetes range but this can easily be reversed through exercise changes that we will be going over. Lastly your VO2max, this was actually really low compared to women your age, a normal range should be about 30 rather than your 26. Now that you know the results of all of your tests, I am now going to take some time and go into detail about some diseases that I spoke of before. I will describe each disease to you and then explain your risk for each. After I finish explaining them all, IRead MoreLiving Life with Heart Failure Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired perfusion as one would see in a person in good health and this will also affect the heart. Heart failure is more prevalent in blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, which are the same groups that are at risk for hypertension and diabetes. Long-term uncontrolled hypertension and diabetic clients’ have a higher likelihood of developing HF. Other causes of HF are obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, HIV infection and AIDs and/or recent myocardial infarction. The symptoms of heart failureRead MoreThe Metabolic Syndrome ( Ms )1512 Words   |  7 Pagesdysfunctions and problems. These include central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Together these create a syndrome that is associated with obesity and diabetes among other diseases (Bertrais et al., 2005). The etiology of MS is varied and as such, diet and inactivity are proposed risk factors explaining the progression to the Metabolic Syndrome. Their effects on central obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance will be explored. Related to diet and inactivity, importantRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetic Retinopathy ( Dr ) Is A Common Microvascular Complication1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe presentation of DR is a visual indication of longstanding diabetes and is a significant cause of vision impairment. In 2015, it was estimated there were 415 million sufferers worldwide (1 in 11), increasing to 642 million (1 in 10)2 by 2040. Of those suffering diabetes, DR impacts approximately 4.2 million people, and this number is predicted to rise to 16 million by 20502. The prevalence of DR does not mirror that of diabetes, as there is a combination of causation factors. 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These individuals often face many barriers in their healthcare. The biggest barrier is the language. Most of the individuals that are residing in the United States do not speak fluent English. The older ones oftenRead MoreWhy Is Health Promotion Campaign Important?1050 Words   |  5 Pagesdrinking heavily, only a minority of adults exercise often enough to maintain good health and obesity rates have greatly increased over the last 20 years. Obesity is a main health issue which can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, joint pain, Nursing Times (2009) states that ‘these health issues can be prevented or delayed by lifestyle measures. A health promotion package would enable adults of all ages to lead a happier and healthier life. Around two-thirdsRead MoreCare Plan For Consistent Individualized Quality Patient Care1608 Words   |  7 Pagesadmission, the resident’s medical diagnosis included urinary tract infection, generalized pain, other unspecified hyperlipidemia, unspecified dysrhythmias, Paralysis Agitons (Parkinson’s not noted), Diabetes Mellitus w/o mention of complication, Type II or unspecified not stated as uncontrolled, edema, hypertension, and esophageal reflux. There are no known allergies. Medication According to her Medical Administration Record, Mrs. L is currently taking multiple medications. While all of these medicationsRead MoreTransforming Nursing And Health Care1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand this framework was adopted by the American Nurses Association (American Nurses Association,2008;Matney,Brewster,Sward,CloyesStaggers,2011). Historically,the development of the DIKW framework was urged by a search for a new theoretical model explaining the emerging field of Nursing Informatics in 1980-90s.Recently,Matney and colleagues(2011) have expanded on the components of the DIKW framework: Data:are the smallest components of the DIKW framework.They are commonly presented as discrete facts;productRead MoreEssay about Health Issues, Sociological Theories and Classism734 Words   |  3 Pagesof view if the social system is to perform all institutions must work together. In addition, they believe society is based upon rules whether we break the rules or not, this is deviance. Lastly Values and norms, which play a progressive role in explaining functionalism. (Miller a et al 2005). The next theory, which will be discussed, is Symbolic interaction this theory originated in the USA (Mead 1863-1931) his ideas were largely used throughout this perspective. â€Å"In symbolic interactionism

Macbeth Lightness And Darkness - 988 Words

Emina Muratovic Mr. Tice Honors English 2 6 March 2017 Macbeth Essay: Lightness and Darkness Is the lightness and darkness combination, implemented by Shakespeare in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, foreshadowing Macbeth’s downfall? As many can identify conspicuous examples of light and darkness through characterization, the play has many hidden foreshadowing signifiers. Although many overlook the imagery created through the light and darkness in Macbeth, Shakespeare places these examples strategically to make readers pay close attention to particular parts in the play. A passageway was created for Macbeth’s downfall not only through the characters Shakespeare has created such as Lady Macbeth and the witches, but also through nature.†¦show more content†¦They start to build up his confidence, and Macbeth fuels his hunger for ambition with his confidence. Macbeth truly believes that the witches have power way beyond control. Dialogue between the witches proves Macbeth’s sitch wrong when the witches actions sh ow that they cannot influence someone s free will: FIRST WITCH. A sailor’s wife had chestnuts in her lap, And munched, and munched, and munched. â€Å"Give me,† quoth I. â€Å"Aroint thee, witch!† the rump-fed runnion cries. Her husband’s to Aleppo gone, master o th Tiger; But in a sieve I’ll thither sail, And like a rat without a tail, I’ll do, I’ll do, and I’ll do. (I.III.4-11) Without the creation of the three witches by Shakespeare, Macbeth’s downfall would have happened more gradually, and possibly completely differently. The relationship Shakespeare created between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, and the characterization of Lady Macbeth brought about his downfall. Lady Macbeth sees herself differently than others see her; while she thinks highly of herself, others see her as hard to work with. In II.II.64-65, Lady Macbeth talks about herself, but it is more than opposite of how you can describe Lady Macbeth. She uses a heart so white to represent an innocent soul as well as light imagery to show weakness and fragility: â€Å"My hands are as red as yours, but I would be ashamed if my heart were as pale and weak.† Lady Macbeth does not want anyone to see what she will do, andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Imagery in Shakespeares Macbeth1052 Words   |  5 Pagesimagery? How does Shakespeare use imagery in Macbeth and his other plays? Imagery is when the audience uses their five senses while reading to create an image of what is being read in their head. Shakespeare uses imagery in the Tragedy of Macbeth and his other plays because it helps to connect the reader or audience to the characters of the play. Imagery draws a reader in and makes him experience or become a part of the character. When writing the play Macbeth, Shakespeare created an atmosphere aroundRead MoreEvil And Evil In Macbeth908 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares play Macbeth, evil is the driving force that leads the play forward, and the main character Macbeth to his demise. The Three Witches have a significant role that determines the advancement of the play, the mood and setting, and symbolize many important ideas that pull the moral of the play together. The witches have a significant role in the play. The witches provide a level of dynamism that drives the plot of the play further when they plant the first seeds of ambition into Macbeth. Upon the

Coca Cola Company for Management Challenges - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCoca Cola Company for Management Challenges. Answer: Management Challenges and Responses Coca-Cola Company is among the leading companies in the production and distribution of beverages around the globe. A company as extensive as this faces numerous challenges in its management process in relation to the structure of the company. The management process of the company has a problem in its operation process because of its command chain. The structure of the companys organization is a many layered arrangement. The arrangement is inflexible and tall hence the decision making process being made can only be done the leaders of the company and cannot be easily changed with changing circumstances[1]. Tall structure of organization poses a challenge in the management process because the work force of the company feels left out in the in dealing with the matters affecting the company. As a result of this structure many instances of employee absenteeism and low productivity is recorded. In response to the existing structural organization, the company should adopt a flattered struct ural organization. The flattered structure is characterized by the facts that employees are involved in the decision making procedures of the company hence increasing the level of productivity and improving the rate of work attendance. International trading is an external challenge that is faced by the management of the company during its operations exercise. An External challenge facing the company is mainly competition from rival companies. For instance in China, the company is facing a slowdown in its distribution and sales power because it is believed the chemical composition of the beverages from the Coca-Cola company are dangerous to the health of the people. Therefore the products are facing a stiff competition from the company that deals in the production of Pepsi beverage. Also there is an arising competition from a herbal beverage drink known as Red Bull. Red Bull has become an appeal to the people in the world due to the herbal components it contains thus associated with promotion of good health. To respond to competition, the company should face the changing taste and preference of the people and engage in the production of a beverage that will nutritiously appeal to its customers. Country Risk Factor Coca-Cola is a large company that has established its branches in many countries around the globe and as a result of this the company is bound to face many risks in its effort to expand its market. One of the major country risk factor is political instability. Quite a large number of the countries in the globe are being faced by challenges in their political segments. When a country is experiencing constraints in its leadership docket, the operations of that country are negatively affected with the business sector being widely hit. Coca-Cola is mainly affected by the problem of political turmoil in many countries therefore the market base is negatively affected and is reduced significantly thus reducing the chances of expansion of the company. Political influence and stability cannot be eliminated completely but the company can put up strategies that are used in sheltering the company from effects of the political unrest. Among the many strategies the company considers taking policie s of insurance to protect its operations and employees from the effects of unrest. The company has taken a multi-country insurance cover to shield its operations over the world from effects of political unrest. Other insurance covers that have been taken by the company include, credit insurance, work-related and non-work related insurance for its workers among other policies. Means of Dealing with Ethical Issues Coca-Cola is a company that recognizes the importance of sustainability and environmental protection in its operations. In effort to be the largest profit making company, the process of production and packaging styles have been put in place as the company is aware of the environmental hazards that have been made possible by mans activities[2]. From the early years the company has made a point of packaging its products in bottles and cans that can be reclaimed and reused easily. Also in relation to the global campaign regarding the importance of environmental sustainability, the company is introducing a Plant Bottle. The Plant Bottle is increasingly effective in the reduction of emissions of carbon as compared to the plastic bottles. For a huge company such as coca cola its surroundings is the determinant factor of is future and continuity. The information has brought forward awareness policies that aim at informing the neighbors of the company and the employees the importance of sust aining the environment. The company has taken upon itself to educate surrounding societies about ways and means of protecting the environment. Some of the information passed includes the different ways of using the bottles after use for example, reuse for the purposes of storing water. Managerial Omplication of Hofstede Dimension Hofstede dimension is a theory that is used in the business field as one that aims at observing the culture of people and the prevailing businesses in a certain country. The Hofstede cultural theory brings out the two dimensions of culture which include the hidden and the visible behaviors. The visible is the outward appearance of a certain culture for example dressing, and eating habits. The hidden practices include morals held in individual families. Coca-Colas managerial observation is focused on the two aspects. In the visible cultural aspects, the company puts more focus on the urban dwellers who record quite a large significant number of bottles of beverages compared to their counterparts in the rural areas. In the hidden aspect, the management of the company has observed that there are families that believe that taking of carbonated or drinks that contain caffeine is bad being in relation to their religious belief. As a result of this observation, the management of the company has focused mainly on the areas where family behavior is not influenced by religious beliefs. Cross-Cultural Communication Management Process Cross-cultural communication is the process that is used to observe how people from different cultures pass information between themselves. The process of observation is an important aspect for the management of the company because it helps improve the understanding between workers of different cultures in the company and its leaders however the process may disadvantageous to the management process because employees and leaders may find many avenues of conflicts hence curtailing productivity level of the company[3]. In any multi-national Company, the process is relevant to its management processes as it used as a measuring tool for the ability to fit in in different countries practicing different cultural practices. On the basis of my evaluation concerning the cross-cultural communication process I recommend that Coca-Cola Company management focus on the process keenly and practice the process in bid to improve the extensive outreach of the company round the globe. Cause of Cultural Conflict Coca-Cola Company is a world company that is has stretched its services in many countries around the world for this reason; the company is faced by a number of cultural reasons that can cause conflicts. One of the main potential causes is the way of communication. People in the western part of the world including USA and Australia believe that they can air their views without any restrictions. On the other hand, the Indians and Chinese believe that giving of ones opinion should be done after the proposal of the head of the group. The Indians and the Chinese find it rude to disagree with the view of their leaders despite its implications. The two contradicting beliefs regarding the means of communication forms a reason for cultural conflict in branches of the Coca-Cola Company in the world. Negotiation Process To reach a common ground in an event of cultural conflict the company has introduced and implemented a negotiation process in terms of advertising. The management of the company has introduced a team work strategy whereby the workers and employers from different cultures are expected to work together with the goals of the company in mind. When people work together, chances of getting to know different cultures by an individual are improved, therefore a sense of respect for different cultures is cultivated. However despite the efforts of the organization to work through conflicts, some cultural bases act as barriers. For instance, the communication between Chinese and Indians may be a barrier as they cannot air their views that contradict those of the manager or the team leader as they consider it not respectful. International and Global Strategies From inception the company has held a number of strategies thus becoming a global company. First the company began with an exclusive formula that was tested in the market. At the time the company produced a cola drink that had caffeine and alcohol in it thus due to this production it started to gain popularity[4]. Second, the company developed a logo with a timeless typeface. The idea of this logo was that it would be recognized in generations to come. The third strategy is distribution and packaging in a uniquely shaped bottled which resembles a cocoa pod and s easily identified with the company. The other strategy is that the management of the company holds their wholesalers and retailers responsible in case the products are maintained in high standards. Last but not least the company has given value to the money of their consumers and has practiced fair play in the industry by producing quality goods at a constant price for many years. Organizational Growth Strategy Coca-Cola being a large company has developed over the years and to maintain its standards over the years, the company has come up with different strategies that are aimed to its growth. The company has introduced decentralized method of organization[5]. Following this strategy decision making processes are made collectively by the leaders and the workers. The decentralized method of organization improves the freedom of the workers hence improving the rate at which employers report to work and how they perform in their duties. Decentralization also is a strategy used to improve the relationship between company branches that are geographically apart hence leading to an increased efficiency in the management process. I recommend and appraise the change and growth strategy in the company as it will lead to increased levels of production. Variables Affecting Organization Design In relation to its international operations the company has vertical governance structure the president being the head of the company. After the presidency docket, the corporate staff including the board of directors and the manufacturing staff helps the president in the organization process. Marketing and finance dockets follow then divisions and sub-divisions in different parts of world. The ethnocentric organization design is similar in all parts of the world thus this is a variable that affects the smooth running of the company in some countries as it curtails the freedom of the consumers to air their grievances about the product in relation to their tastes and preferences. Role of Staffing Staffing is the process through which companies increase or decrease the number of workers in their organizations. The staffing policy in Coca-Cola Company is that of recruiting workers in relation to the work present at the time[6]. The policy used by this company is time and resource efficient because the company does not have to pay for labor that has not been utilized. The policy also is important to the company as it helps the management evaluate the abilities of individual workers hence providing rewards and commissions or pathways towards promotion. Coca- Cola Company has managed to stay at the top of the industry because of its staffing policy that improves the way a worker should handle themselves at the work place. Hofstedes Four Dimensions In Coca-Cola company changes in the organizational structure has led to improved relationship between the support staff and the management of the organization because the distance of power between the two parties has been reduced. The leadership of the company has also designed a policy that has shown that all changes that may be brought forth in the company are for the good of the employees and the company at large hence avoidance of uncertainty is accomplished. The company has brought up strategies that have aimed at promoting the well-being of the employee hence the employee can rely on him or herself and do things independently. The company on the other hand promotes masculinity as this the factor that drives workers towards achieving more through instillation of a sense of success when working. Conclusively Coca-Cola Company is a large company that has branches in almost all the global countries. However in relation to the size of the company structure and the international trading strategies pose a challenge to the management process. Political instability forms a country risk level for the company in many countries hence expansion globally is curtailed. Ethical issues relating profit, people and plant concept aims at improving the environmental sustainability of the surrounding where it is located. Cultural conflicts are a main issue in the company due to the development in different countries with different cultures. The organizational structure is vertical with the president and the board of directors being at the top. The vertical leadership is a variable affecting the management and process of operations of the company. The company has put strategies to improve its global and international relations. In regard to Hofstede the employees are subjected to the four dimens ions of the theory thus improving the relations hip of the different levels of workforce in the company. Bibliography Rowe, W. Glenn, and Laura Guerrero. 2013. Cases in leadership. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. Lussier, Robert N., and Christopher F. Achua. 2012. Leadership. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Agarwal, Anurag K. 2017. BUSINESS LEADERSHIP AND LAW. [Place of publication not identified]: SPRINGER. https://site.ebrary.com/id/11306229. Banks, Hamish. "The business of peace: Coca-Cola's contribution to stability, growth, and optimism." Business Horizons 59, no. THE BUSINESS OF PEACE (September 1, 2016): 455-461. ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost (accessed May 22, 2017). Pendergrast, Mark. 2013. 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